Real-time vibration monitoring and analysis of agricultural tractor drivers using an IoT-based system

Agricultural tractor drivers experience a high amplitude of vibration, especially during soil tillage operations. In the past, most research studied vibration exposure with more focus on the vertical (z) axis than on the fore-and-aft (x) and lateral (y) axes. This study examines how rotary soil tillage affects the vibration acceleration and frequency, and the power spectral densities (PSDs) at the seat pan and head along three translational axes in a real-field multiaxis vibration context. Moreover, this study aimed to identify the characteristics of the seat-to-head transmissibility (STHT) response to identifying the most salient resonant frequencies along the x-, y-, and z-axes. Nine (9) male tractor drivers operated the tractor with a mounted rotary tiller throughout the soil tillage process. In the event of a COVID-19 pandemic, and to respect social distancing, this study developed an Internet of Things (IoT) module with the potential to integrate with existing data loggers for online data transmission and to make the experimentation process more effective by removing potential sources of experimenter errors. The raw acceleration data retrieved at the seat pan and the head were utilized to obtain daily exposure (A(8)), PSDs, and STHT along the x-, y-, and z-axes. The vibration energy was found to be dominant along the z-axis than the x- and y-axes. A(8) response among tractor drivers exceeds the exposure action value explicitly stated by Directive 2002/44/EU. PSDs along the x-, y-, and z-axes depicted the low-frequency vibration induced by rotary soil tillage operation. The STHT response exhibited a higher degree of transmissibility along the y- and z-axes when compared with that along the x-axis. The frequency range of 4-7 Hz may plausibly be associated with cognitive impairment in tractor drivers during rotary soil tillage.

An Alternative System for Assessing Pavement Condition in the Event of an Epidemic: A Case of COVID-19

Maintaining the efficiency of road pavement is essential to achieving the highest road performance and comfort for road users. Pavement monitoring plays a significant role in maintaining the sustainability of road networks. Additionally, assessments have been performed using different equipment and devices or through visual inspections to determine the type and severity of pavement degradation. However, some obstacles may affect the sustainability of road networks by preventing the regular monitoring and maintenance of pavements, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the construction and management of transportation systems have been affected by economic shut-downs and imposed social restrictions. Road networks have also suffered from neglect and a lack of monitoring and maintenance due to the government's lockdowns in addition to strict regulations that limit movement on roads and any form of construction, monitoring, inspection, and evaluation to improve road pavement conditions. This research introduces a safe pavement monitoring system using an e-bike to evaluate and predict pavement degradation. An accelerometer sensor and line-scan camera were used to collect pavement vibration data during the e-bike's movement. The results of the proposed monitoring method showed reliable evaluation outcomes. Moreover, the SVM model showed a significant contribution to detecting and classifying pavement distress.

Analyzing the Effect of Insole Materials on Vibration and Noise Reduction between Floors

The COVID-19 pandemic increased people's time at home and caused an 80% increase in noise disputes between floors. The purpose of this study is to propose suitable materials for making indoor shoes (insoles) to minimize noise between floors. Subjects without back pain and leg-related disease (e.g. arthritis, etc.) from three different age groups (childhood, adolescence, and adulthood) were recruited for the study. Five polymer insole materials were considered: Chloroprene Rubber (CR foam), Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM foam), Natural Latex foam, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA foam), and Polyurethane (PU foam). From these materials, 20 combinations were prepared and randomly tested for noise and vibration. The results revealed a significant difference in noise and vibration levels based on the type of material used and the age of the subject. Nevertheless, all materials under consideration successfully reduced noise and vibration;in particular, type A-C greatly decreased. The CR foam material was especially effective at noise and vibration reduction (p<.01). This study suggests that adding insoles into socks that children wear at home could reduce noise vibration and disputes between floors. © 2023, The Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles. All rights reserved.

Clean Vibes: Hand Washing Monitoring Using Structural Vibration Sensing

We present a passive and non-intrusive sensing system for monitoring hand washing activity using structural vibration sensing. Proper hand washing is one of the most effective ways to limit the spread and transmission of disease, and has been especially critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior approaches include direct observation and sensing-based approaches, but are limited in non-clinical settings due to operational restrictions and privacy concerns in sensitive areas such as restrooms. Our work introduces a new sensing modality for hand washing monitoring, which measures hand washing activity-induced vibration responses of sink structures, and uses those responses to monitor the presence and duration of hand washing. Primary research challenges are that vibration responses are similar for different activities, occur on different surfaces/structures, and tend to overlap/coincide. We overcome these challenges by extracting information about signal periodicity for similar activities through cepstrum-based features, leveraging hierarchical learning to differentiate activities on different surfaces, and denoting "primary/secondary"activities based on their relative frequency and importance. We evaluate our approach using real-world hand washing data across four different sink structures/locations, and achieve an average F1-score for hand washing activities of 0.95, which represents an 8.8X and 10.2X reduction in error over two different baseline approaches.Copyright © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.

Comparative Study of Molecular Docking, Structural, Electronic, and Fukui Function Studies on Favipiravir and its Newly Designed Derivatives (Potential Inhibitors) for COVID-19 Protease

Favipiravir is an antiviral medication currently being trialed as a COVID-19 treatment. These results motivate us to develop new species (possibly drugs) from favipiravir, perform comparative molecular docking, and reexamine their biological and pharmacological activities. Detailed quantum chemical research on favipiravir and its newly designed derivatives has been carried out with the help of DFT/B3LYP/6–311 + + G (d, p). In the present work, the structure of favipiravir has been modified and 12 new species have been modeled (all species are inherently stable because no virtual frequency is found during the vibration analysis). Reactivity of all species using various descriptors (local) such as Fukui function, local softness, electrophilicity, and global, i.e., electronegativity, hardness, HOMO–LUMO gap, etc. of the same are calculated and discussed. In silico studies such as molecular docking of all species and complete quantum chemistry studies suggest that four of them may mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 protease. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Structural design and performance study of corrugated fibreboard with a laminated structure

Corrugated box is an important transport packaging container in the global logistics. The research on its raw material, that is, corrugated fibreboard, has always been an important topic in the packaging field. However, the research objects nearly focus on the corrugated fibreboard of traditional corrugated medium. The innovative research on the structure of corrugated fibreboard is also still rare. Since the pandemic COVID-19 in 2020, the international corrugated packaging industry has faced new dilemma. The development of new corrugated boxes and fibreboard is the way to break the situation in innovation and transformation. This study aims to design a new fibreboard with laminated structure medium for obtaining a new type of corrugated fibreboard for packaging with better cushioning and anti-vibration performance than traditional corrugated fibreboard. The verification experiments show that the new fibreboard has better recovery and structural stability due to its unique three-layer structure. The static and dynamic cushioning performance and anti-vibration performance of the proposed fibreboard have been greatly improved compared with those of the traditional one. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Low-Dimensional Compounds Containing Bioactive Ligands. Part XX: Crystal Structures, Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial Activities and DNA/BSA Binding of Oligonuclear Zinc Complexes with Halogen Derivatives of 8-Hydroxyquinoline

Two tetranuclear [Zn4Cl2(ClQ)6]·2DMF (1) and [Zn4Cl2(ClQ)6(H2O)2]·4DMF (2), as well as three dinuclear [Zn2(ClQ)3(HClQ)3]I3 (3), [Zn2(dClQ)2(H2O)6(SO4)] (4) and [Zn2(dBrQ)2(H2O)6(SO4)] (5), complexes (HClQ = 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, HdClQ = 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline and HdBrQ = 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline) were prepared as possible anticancer or antimicrobial agents and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The stability of the complexes in solution was verified by NMR spectroscopy. Antiproliferative activity and selectivity of the prepared complexes were studied using in vitro MTT assay against the HeLa, A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and Caco-2 cancer cell lines and on the Cos-7 non-cancerous cell line. The most sensitive to the tested complexes was Caco-2 cell line. Among the tested complexes, complex 3 showed the highest cytotoxicity against all cell lines. Unfortunately, all complexes showed only poor selectivity to normal cells, except for complex 5, which showed a certain level of selectivity. Antibacterial potential was observed for complex 5 only. Moreover, the DNA/BSA binding potential of complexes 1–3 was investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods.

Electronic, intermolecular, quantum computational investigations, molecular docking and simulation studies of the potent antiviral drug EIDD-2801

In this work, an analysis has been done to describe the molecular structure, spectroscopic, reduced density gradient, topological properties, atomic charges, Lipinski rule, Natural bond orbital analysis, docking and molecular dynamics simulation of the potent antiviral drug EIDD-2801 in the effective treatment against COVID-19. Intramolecular charge distribution is well understood by three schemes such as AIM, Mulliken and NBO analysis and non-covalent interactions have been understood through reduced density gradient. Topological properties, such as charge density and Laplacian of charge density along with the electron localization function, make it easy to obtain comprehensive information about bond strengths and critical points. The details obtained from the calculation of global reactivity descriptors and Lipinski rule are useful for understanding the nature of molecular reactivity and site selectivity. Electrostatic potentials help to identify potential electrophilic and nucleophilic sites for interaction between EIDD-2801 and target proteins. The molecular docking combined with molecular dynamic simulation studies enables us to get better picture about the ligand-protein interaction.Copyright © 2023 Indian Chemical Society

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nursing Personnel

Background: Health sectors can be listed under the high-risk work areas. As we all know, in this COVID 19 pandemic, doctors, nurses, health workers are the front line warriors. If we consider only the nursing personnel here, their tasks alone are prone to occupational hazards. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are most common among the self-reported occupational diseases. In previous studies, a significantly large number of participants reported musculoskeletal symptoms faced at least once. Insufficiency of ergonomic expertise is one of the most important recognizable risk factors as well as the shortage of staff in hospitals. MSDs are caused due to stressful physical work, static work postures, frequent bending, and twisting, lifting, pushing, and pulling of heavy objects, vibrations, localized mechanical pressure, etc. Various studies have shown that the daily chores of nursing personnel put them at high risk of MSDs. Methods : The study areas were different hospitals and nursing homes in West Bengal. Only the female, registered nurses working in different wards are chosen for this study. The study's inclusion criteria were only the female, registered nurses and the absence of any chronic disease in them. The exclusion criteria were the nursing students, nurses having histories of recent or previous major accidents/injuries or chronic diseases. The study population was interviewed on a one-to-one basis by means of a questionnaire based on Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Result(s): Among the total study population, 67.5% of subjects reported low back pain (LBP). 22.5% reported upper back, knee, and ankle discomfort. 27.5%, 15%, and 12.5% reported neck, shoulder, and wrist/hand discomfort, respectively. Conclusion(s): The results of this study have revealed that MSDs are a common phenomenon among nursing personnel. LBP is the most familiar among them, 67.5% of subjects have reported the presence of discomfort. Not only LBP, subjects reported neck, shoulder, knee, and upper back discomfort along with ankle and wrist symptoms. In this COVID-19 scenario, their jobs have become more strenuous than usual. It is found that tasks requiring continuous long hours to perform are causing symptoms to appear. Shift rotations, splitting of shifts, using more ergonomically designed tools, knowledge of ergonomic skills are required in this situation to avoid the aggravation of symptoms.

Active learning approach to enhance rotor dynamics understanding: A classroom demonstration

In the last decades, novel teaching strategies have been increasingly adopted to improve and enhance the students learning process by promoting their involvement and engagement during classes. In this context, this work presents a laboratory experience proposed to the third-year bachelor students of the course of ‘Mechanics of Vibrations', held at the faculty of mechanical engineering of Politecnico di Milano. The experience consisted in the presentation of a rotor test bench specifically designed for educational purposes. Main concepts of rotor dynamics were analysed and showed, together with a critical discussion on the discrepancies between the Jeffcott–Laval model and experimental results. This project, that is one of the outcomes of an educational project for post-covid teaching promoted by Politecnico di Milano, involved almost 200 students in total. An anonymous evaluation survey proposed to students revealed a general appreciation of the experience, especially for the possibility of visualising important theoretical concepts. Given the positive feedback, the demonstration will be repeated in the next academic year, with some changes according to students' suggestions. © The Author(s) 2023.

Analysis of Forced Vibrations in Timoshenko Beams Using the Coupled Displacement Field Concept

Modular construction is an excellent technique for achieving the rapid and safe development of facilities in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Beams are fundamental to modular construction. However, owing to various environmental conditions, novel methods are required to collect the characteristics for conducting structural analysis of beams according to the required needs. In this study, the performance of the coupled displacement field method in beam analysis was evaluated. The expressions for the transverse displacement were derived using an allowable function of total rotation. The function was obtained using the finite-element approximation method based on undetermined coefficients. Thus, the equation of motion was derived using the principle of conservation of energy. The Newmark method and mode superposition technique were then used to solve the obtained equations in MATLAB. The results showed that the method used was suitable in applications that require the analysis of high-slenderness beams in modular constructions. In this method, strong vibrations were induced in the beam owing to its greater flexibility. The recommended method is less complex than other energy methods because the computational effort is halved. Therefore, this formulation can be applied to conduct the free vibration analysis of flexible structural members under various shears using Timoshenko beam models under various boundary conditions. Thus, the coupled displacement field method can be used to derive appropriate solutions to other complex problems, such as modular construction. © 2022 Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions. All rights reserved.

Was Covid Era a Blessing in Disguise for the Patient?

Background and Aims: In the Covid era, Continuous blood glucose monitoring(CGM) was used more frequently and it proved to be quite a helpful and accurate tool for glycemic regulation. Method(s): 75 yrs old Saudi gentleman, had Type 2 diabetes >30yrs, Hypertension, Primary Hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, mixed polyneuropathy, Iron deficiency anemia, and benign prostatic hypertrophy. In March,2020 his BP and blood glucose readings were high at home. He had a past history of subdural hematoma with hydrocephalus(staus post-shunting). He was on Glargine, oral hypoglycemic agents, anti-hypertensives, Levothyroxine, Atorvastatin, Aspirin, iron fumarate, calcium carbonate and cholecalciferol. Fully conscious, and co-operative, of average built and height.BP 170/70 mmHg, pulse 93/m, RR 18/ m,O2sat 100%, afebrile, BMI 24.96 kg/m2. Fundoscopy normal. He had dry feet and impaired monofilament and vibration testing. Result(s): Hb% 13.1g/dl(12.6 before),MCV 93.8fl,S.Ferritin 10.5ug/l(30-400),Vit.B12 270 pmol/l(145-637),HbA1c 8%(6.4 in Feb.2020).The renal, liver and thyroid functions-intact. Albumin creatinine ratio 12.23mg/g(0-30). Nerve conduction study-mixed polyneuropathy. He continued to follow-up physically even during the Covid crisis due to the elevated SMBG and BP values. Gliclazide & antihypertensive doses were optimized and Glargine was started.On patient's follow-up in August, 2020, time in range had improved to 80%(33% in June,2020),average glucose was 147 mg/dl(200 before), glucose variability was 27.8%(28.9), hypoglycemia (54-79mg/dl) was 1%(0). On last follow-up on 27.06.2022 his HbA1c had climbed up to 8.3%(7.3 in September, 2021). He was compliant to the diabetes regime, but had stopped using the Libre sensor. Conclusion(s): The case signifies the advantage of a meticulous CGM usage during the Covid pandemic, that resulted in a reasonable glycemic control.

AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine: Hurdles and Visions

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine developed by Oxford and AstraZeneca for a disease we all know as Coronavirus, or COVID-19. Ongoing clinical studies reveal that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has a tolerable safety profile and is effective against symptomatic COVID-19. This vaccine may prove crucial in boosting herd immunity, averting life threatening illness, and relieving the current pandemic. In this mini review, we performed a thorough literature search through PubMed and Google Scholar and reported various case reports associated with complications of the adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Various adverse effects of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were reported around the globe, which were often serious but rare and developed into life-threatening pathologies such as GBS, thrombocytopenia, demyelinating neuropathies, progressive dementia, cerebral infarction, IgA vasculitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, herpes zoster, cutaneous reactions, and vein thrombosis. These worldwide reported complications, which are usually rare and severe, will aid clinicians in understanding and managing unforeseen situations. There is a need for more research to find out more about these complications and their etiopathogenesis. However, the benefits of these vaccinations for stopping the spread of the outbreak and lowering the fatality rate outweigh the potential risk of the uncommon complications.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023.

A comparison of the effect on pain management of two non-pharmacological methods used during administration of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2): A randomized controlled study.

AIMS: This study was conducted with the aim of examining the effect on pain intensity of the vibration technique applied at the injection site and squeezing a stress ball during the administration of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled single-blind experimental study. The study included 120 adults who were randomly selected between July and November 2022. One experimental group (n = 40) received local vibration by means of a Buzzy® device, and the other (n = 40) were given a stress ball to squeeze. Routine vaccination procedure was performed with the control group (n = 40). The level of pain felt during the vaccination procedure was assessed on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: The pain score of individuals during the vaccination procedure was found to be significantly lower in the vibration group than in the control group (P = .005) and the stress ball group (P = .036), but there was no significant difference between the control and stress ball groups (P = .851). Also, it was found that the variables of gender, age and body mass index did not affect the average pain intensity of individuals during the vaccination procedure. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that local vibration applied by means of the Buzzy® device was effective in reducing the levels of pain relating to administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. Nurses should think of the application of vibration as a choice in the management of pain relating to Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination.

A photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscope for label-free detection of nanometer-scale objects with digital precision in point-of-use environments.

Label-free detection and digital counting of nanometer-scaled objects such as nanoparticles, viruses, extracellular vesicles, and protein molecules enable a wide range of applications in cancer diagnostics, pathogen detection, and life science research. Here, we report the design, implementation, and characterization of a compact Photonic Resonator Interferometric Scattering Microscope (PRISM) designed for point-of-use environments and applications. The contrast of interferometric scattering microscopy is amplified through a photonic crystal surface, upon which scattered light from an object combines with illumination from a monochromatic source. The use of a photonic crystal substrate for interferemetric scattering microscopy results in reduced requirements for high-intensity lasers or oil-immersion objectives, thus opening a pathway toward instruments that are more suitable for environments outside the optics laboratory. The instrument incorporates two innovative elements that facilitate operation on a desktop in ordinary laboratory environments by users that do not have optics expertise. First, because scattering microscopes are extremely sensitive to vibration, we incorporated an inexpensive but effective solution of suspending the instrument's main components from a rigid metal framework using elastic bands, resulting in an average of 28.7 dBV reduction in vibration amplitude compared to an office desk. Second, an automated focusing module based on the principle of total internal reflection maintains the stability of image contrast over time and spatial position. In this work, we characterize the system's performance by measuring the contrast from gold nanoparticles with diameters in the 10-40 nm range and by observing various biological analytes, including HIV virus, SARS-CoV-2 virus, exosome, and ferritin protein.

Rare case of post-COVID transverse myelitis

Case Report: Acute transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare inflammatory disease that typically presents asweakness, sensory alterations, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. Among the causes of TM are infections, paraneoplastic syndromes, or autoimmune conditions of CNS. Postinfectious TM can develop secondary to a viral or bacterial infection. SARS-CoV-2 is a recently discovered viral illness, and sequelae due to COVID-19 infection are still being studied. There is scarce literature relating the two conditions, and it is imperative to raise awareness. A 72-year-old man with hypertension and GERD, completely independent in ADL, was brought to the ED with sudden onset of bilateral lower extremity weakness. He reported symptoms started with difficulty climbing stairs that rapidly progressed to inability to ambulate independently and were associated with bilateral thigh soreness. Nine days prior, he developed fever and generalized malaise, and two days later, SARS-CoV-2 PCR and Ag tests were positive. He received azithromycin, Paxlovid, and dexamethasone as treatment. Upon evaluation, the patient was afebrile and hemodynamically stable. Neurological examination was remarkable for spasticity and hyperreflexia at bilateral lower limbs, clonus, preserved motor strength with adequate sensation to soft touch, and intact vibration and proprioception in all extremities. Cranial nerves were intact. These findings were consistent with an upper motor neuron lesion. On imaging, the Head CT scan was unremarkable. Thoracic/Lumbar Spine MRI was significant for distal thoracic and conus areas with central homogeneous brightness compatible with nonspecific myelitis. Laboratories showed leukocytosis without neutrophilia or bandemia, thrombocytosis, and elevated CRP. HIV and RPR tests were negative. A lumbar puncture for CSF analysiswas remarkable for mild monocytic pleocytosis (7 cell/muL), an increased level of total proteins (56 mg/dL), and normal glucose (57 mg/dL). CSF culture and gram stain were negative. CSF cytology yielded few lymphocytes and few monocytes and was negative for malignant cells. The meningoencephalitis panel was negative. Based on these findings, a clinical diagnosis of postinfectious myelitis secondary to COVID-19was made. The patient was treated with intravenous Methylprednisolone 1 g daily for five days. On follow-up, lower extremity weakness resolved completely, and he resumed his daily physical activities. Patients with COVID-19 infection can present with neurologic manifestations such as headache, myalgias, dizziness, dysgeusia, and anosmia. This case hopes to raise awareness of less commonly known neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how the early recognition of symptoms can help expedite the diagnosis and treatment of the condition to avoid long-term sequelae. [Figure presented] Copyright © 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation.

Design of solid powder particles for a needle-free injection

Background: In 2020, the COVID19 pandemic has shown the medical need for vaccinations. The conventional method of vaccine application is intravascular injection of a liquid solution. However, this method is associated with some disadvantages, such as a high risk of infection. Purpose(s): The approach of a needle-free ballistic administration accelerates solid powder particles to a sufficient speed so that they are able to penetrate into the skin and address target Langerhans cells. For this purpose, the particles require certain characteristics (Weissmueller et al., 2017). The main criteria for a successful application is the particle size as well as the density (Maa et al., 2004). Method(s): One potential production process is freeze-drying out of a solution with a subsequent milling step (abbreviated to FD). Another modified approach is spray-freeze drying (abbreviated to SFD). Dried powders are treated afterwards by ultrasonic microsieving (6000 vibrations per seconds for ten minutes) in order to segregate a useable fraction (38 mum to 75 mum). Tap density was determined according to the protocol by Ph.eur. guidelines. Helium pycnometry determines the true density. The magnitude of density is described by the quotient of tap density rho tap and pycometric density rho He-pycnometer. Result(s): Estimated density of examined samples containing trehalose and mannitol could not exceed 50%. Conclusion(s): The described techniques reveal a quite porous structure of the product. This structure might not be sufficient for particles to successfully penetrate into the skin. These powder particles might burst upon the surface. However the dimension of the speed has to be considered as well as it plays a crucial role as well.

Analysis of Vibration Frequency and Direction for Facilitating Upper-Limb Muscle Activity.

We aimed to determine the effect of vibration frequency and direction on upper-limb muscle activation using a handheld vibrator. We recruited 19 healthy participants who were instructed to hold a handheld vibrator in their dominant hand and maintain the elbow at 90° flexion, while vertical and horizontal vibrations were applied with frequencies of 15, 30, 45, and 60 Hz for 60 s each. Surface electromyography (EMG) measured the activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), biceps, triceps, and deltoid anterior muscles. EMG changes were evaluated as the difference in muscle activity between vibration and no-vibration (0 Hz) conditions. Muscle activity was induced under vibration conditions in both vertical and horizontal (p < 0.05) directions. At 45 Hz, FDS and FCR activities increased during horizontal vibrations, compared with those during vertical vibrations. ECU activity significantly increased under 15-Hz vertical vibrations compared with that during horizontal vibrations. Vibrations from the handheld vibrator significantly induced upper-limb muscle activity. The maximum muscle activations for FDS, ECR, ECU, biceps, and triceps were induced by 45-Hz horizontal vibration. The 60-Hz vertical and 30-Hz horizontal vibrations facilitated maximum muscle activations for the FCR and deltoid anterior, respectively.

An RFID-Based Battery-Less Vibration Monitoring System for Electrical Appliances

This paper presents a vibration monitoring system for electrical appliances. This system is based on RFID sensors and edge processing technologies. For long-term monitoring, two different operation modes referred to as standby and active modes are introduced. The difference between the two modes is radio wave radiation times. The standby mode is useful to reduce energy consumption and temperature increase of an RFID reader, and amount of data uploaded to a network. This mode also detects a beginning of a vibration event caused by the motor of an electrical appliance. The standby mode subsequently triggers the active mode. The active mode accurately monitors the vibration event and keeps the measured data only for the active mode. Experiments for monitoring a refrigerator demonstrate that the proposed modes enable efficient vibration detections. This system can prevent unintended COVID-19 vaccine disposals caused by the problematic operation and management of refrigerators. © 2022 IEEE.